Chapter+15+Notes

Section 3
1600’s France, Netherlands, England, and Sweden joined Spain in settling NA.

Within 200 years, the French occupied or claimed nearly half of North America.

Much of eastern Canada was claimed as France by Jacques Cartier.

Jesuits and other missionaries soon followed the explorers.

Little success to convert the native americans to christianity.

French explorers and fur traders traveled inland with help to defeat their rival tribes.

First permanent French settlement was established in 1608 when Samuel De Champlain established a colony in Quebec.

Many who went to New France soon abandoned farming in favor of fur, trapping, and trading.

Fishing was another industry that supported settlers who exported cod and other stuff.

Louis the 14th wanted to boost revenues or income from taxes on his over seas empire.

He appointed officials to attend to economical activities in New France.

He also sent soldiers and more settlers and he was a Catholic so he prohibited Protestants to living in New France.

In 1497, a Venetian navigator called John Cabot found rich fishing grounds off Newfoundland, which he claimed for England.

In the 1600’s, England concentrated on establishing colonies along the Atlantic seaboard.

The English built their first permanent colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.

In 1620, another group of english settlers landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts.

Many Pilgrims died in the early years of the Plymouth colony.

In the 1600’s and 1700’s, the English established additional colonies.

Settlers in all of the colonies spent the early years just struggling to survive.

Like the rulers of Spain and France, English monarchs asserted control over their American colonies.

The tradition of consulting representative assemblies grew out of the English experience.

By the 1600’s, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands all had colonies in North America.

By the late 1600’s, French claims included present-day Canada as well as much of the present-day central United States.

During the 1700’s, Britain and France emerged as powerful rivals.

During the war, British soldiers and colonial troops launched a series of campaigns against the French in Canada and on the Ohio frontier.

The 1763 Treaty of Paris officially ended the worldwide war and ensured British dominance in North America.

Section 5
The voyages of exploration in the 1500’s and 1600’s marked the beginning of what would become European domination of the globe.

When Columbus returned to Spain in March 1493, he brought with him plants and animals that he had found in the Americas.

Columbian Exchange-Vast global exchange started by Columbus.

In the Americas, Europeans found a variety of foods that were new to them, including tomatoes, pumpkins, peppers.

Europeans also carried a wide variety of plants and animals to the Americas, including wheat and grapes from Europe and bananas and sugar cane from Africa and Asia.

The transfer of food crops from continent to continent took time.

The Columbian Exchange also sparked the migration of millions of people.

In some parts of the world, populations declined as a result of increased global contact.

The opening of direct links with Asia, Africa, and the Americas had far-reaching economic consequences for Europeans and their colonies.

In the 1500’s, prices began to rise in many parts of Europe.

Inflation-A rise in prices that is linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available. Price Revolution-The period in European history when inflation rose rapidly.

Expanded trade, an increased money supply, and the push for overseas empires spurred the growth of European capitalism.

Entrepreneurs-People who take financial risks. They were the key to success for capitalism. They organized, managed, assumed the risks of doing business, hired workers, and paid for raw materials, transport, and other costs of production.

Banks became more important, since they allowed wealthy merchants to lend money at interest. Joint stocks also grew in importance. Stocks allowed people to pool money needed for overseas ventures for companies, and they could enjoy profits the company makes and could only lose their initial investment.

Soon, European monarchs adopted a new economical policy known as mercantilism. Those who followed this policy believed that a nation’s wealth is measured in the amount of gold and silver treasure.