Chapter+19+Notes

Section One- Industrial age travelers moved rapidly between countries and continents by train or steamship. Inventions made included anesthetics(dentists drugs) sewing machine the speed of light reduction of dying during child labor

The dutch lead the way through the second agricultural revolution, making produce with better quality and quantity. British parliament legislates enclosure; leading to inventions that took place in the industrial revolution. Rapid population growth was caused because the reduction of famine death; creating a food surplus Hygiene, sanitation, and health care progressed, prolonging lives. New technologies enabled business owners to change the way work was done. New energy sources ex; coal was used for steamboats

Section Two- Agriculture changes left many farmers jobless and homeless. Industrial revolution first took hold of Britain's largest industry, textiles. The putting-out system developed; also known as the cottage industry. Raw cotton was given to peasants, they then spun it, and artisans dyed it and finished the cloth. As demand for cloth grew remarkable devices revolutionized Britain's textile industry. Entrepreneurs invested in turnpikes; private roads, with tolls or fees when passing on them. Bridges were built stronger, and harbors were upgrades to help expand over the seas. Entrepreneursformed companies to toll on canals, but ehn locomotives and railroads became the more popular way of traveling. Many entrepreneurs went bankrupt.

Section Four- Unemployment, poverty, hungry families and misery spread from population explosion. Poverty is unavoidable because population was increasing faster than food supply Arguments of natural law continue. Argument One; natural laws should be allowed to operate with out interference. Argument Two; Government should not interfere in the free operation of the economy. By 1900s population is no longer a problem. Socialism(private individuals would own and operate the means of production) grew out of Enlightenment stage. Utopians are impractical dreamers Robert Owen (Utopian) puts his own ideas into model community. German philosopher Karl Marx condemned the ideas of Utopians as unrealistic idealism. Marx takes the side of communism; classless government 1860- Marx's beliefs form into a social democracy' gradual transformation from capitalism to socialism.