4.2.1


 * Section 1:** The founding geographic extent of Muslim empires and the artistic, scientific, technological, and economic features of Muslim society.


 * Section 2:** Diverse religious traditions of Islam - Sunni, Shi'a/Shi'ite, Sufi.


 * Section 3:** Role of Dar al-Islam as a cultural, political, and economic force in Afo-Eurasia.

**Section 4:** The caliphate as both a religious and political institution, and the persistence of other traditions in the Arab World including Christianity.