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Nationalism, or the used feelings of national identity to rally support for various causes, including unification, independence, and liberal reform. These feelings had a huge impact on European life. Nationalism shaped the development of European countries from the mid-1800s until World War 1. A powerful force used in this time frame was nationalism. There were reactions to and consequences of nationalism in this period. The development of European countries such as, Transylvania, Croatia, Selavonia, and Fiume, was based off of the division of Hungary. As these countries became divided from Hungary, Hungary was erased from the list of independent nations in Europe. All this was due to the nationalism of the Austrian monarchy. Italy was also started by the feeling of nationalism. Giuseppe Mazzini appealed to the working people to eliminate the Kings and privileged castes, thus leading to the unification, or uniting, of Italian states. Nationalism, though, wasn’t always appreciated. Nationalism was a very powerful tool which gained many empires more land and power, while at the same time, causing countries to be lost. Austria used this force to eliminate Hungary. Hungarians were not happy, although when nationalists tried to revolt, Austria enlisted in the aid of Russia to force them down. As the Ottoman Empire collapsed, conflicts were brought into the Balkans. Instability in the Balkans was brought upon by a complex web of competing interests, resulting in wars and crises. Nationalism has many causes and effects in the time period between the mid-1800s and World War 1. The conflicts after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire led to set off of the “Balkan Powder Keg”, which in turn aided in the start of World War 1. The Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated along with his wife, Sofia, due to Serbian nationalists. They were threatened by the army maneuvers Ferdinand was sending into neighboring mountains. Though these are some bad consequences of nationalism, remember that many countries achieved autonomy or independence and unification, such as Germany and Italy. World War 1 was brought upon by nationalism in European countries. Many countries were developed, separated and established through the chain of power shifts. Much force was used in this time period between empires expanding and collapsing. These power shifts did not happen peacefully, usually resulting in war or crises.